Senin, 28 Maret 2011

BTS Skytrain


BTS Skytrain

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  (Redirected from Bangkok Skytrain)
Bangkok Mass Transit System (BTS)
BTS LOGO.gif
Bangkok Skytrain 01.jpg
Info
OwnerBangkok Metropolitan Administration
LocaleBangkokThailand
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines2
Number of stations25
Daily ridershipOver 460,000
Operation
Began operation5 December 1999
Operator(s)Bangkok Mass Transit System Public Company Limited
Number of vehicles35
Technical
System length28.7 km (17.83 mi)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8 12 in) (standard gauge)
Average speed35 km/h (21.75 mph)
Top speed80 km/h (49.71 mph)
[hide]System map
 
Unknown route-map component "uINTa"
 Mo Chit Bangkok Metro logo.svg
 
Urban station on track
 Saphan Khwai
 
Unknown route-map component "ueBHF"
 Sena Ruam
 
Urban station on track
 Ari
 
Urban station on track
 Sanam Pao
 
Urban station on track
 Victory Monument
 
Unknown route-map component "uINT"
 Phaya Thai
National Stadium 
Unknown route-map component "uKBFa"Urban station on track
 Ratchathewi
 
Right side of urban cross-platform interchange + Hub
Left side of urban cross-platform interchange + Hub
 Siam
Ratchadamri 
Urban station on trackUrban station on track
 Chit Lom
Bangkok Metro logo.svg Sala Daeng 
Unknown route-map component "uINT"Urban station on track
 Phloen Chit
BSicon BUS.svg Chong Nonsi 
Urban station on trackUrban station on track
 Nana
Sueksa Witthaya 
Unknown route-map component "ueBHF"Unknown route-map component "uINT"
 Asok Bangkok Metro logo.svg
Surasak 
Urban station on trackUrban station on track
 Phrom Phong
BSicon BOOT.svg Saphan Taksin 
Urban station on trackUrban station on track
 Thong Lo
 
Urban bridge over waterUrban station on track
 Ekkamai BSicon BUS.svg
Krung Thonburi 
Urban station on trackUrban station on track
 Phra Khanong
Wongwian Yai 
Urban station on trackUrban station on track
 On Nut
Phothinimit 
Unknown route-map component "uexBHF"Unknown route-map component "uexBHF"
 Bang Chak
Ratchadaphisek 
Unknown route-map component "uexBHF"Unknown route-map component "uexBHF"
 Punnawithi
Wutthakat 
Unknown route-map component "uexBHF"Unknown route-map component "uexBHF"
 Udom Suk
Bangkok Metro logo.svg Bang Wa 
Unknown route-map component "uexINTe"Unknown route-map component "uexBHF"
 Bang Na
 
Unknown route-map component "uexKBHFe"
 Bearing
The Bangkok Mass Transit System, commonly known as the BTS Skytrain(Thaiรถไฟฟ้าบีทีเอส rot fai fa BTS), is an elevated rapid transit system inBangkokThailand. It is operated by Bangkok Mass Transit System Public Company Limited (BTSC) under a concession granted by the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA). The system consists of twenty-three stations along two lines: the Sukhumvit line running northwards and eastwards, terminating at Mo Chit and On Nut respectively, and the Silom line which plies Silom and Sathon Roads, the Central Business District of Bangkok, terminating at the National Stadium and Wongwian Yai. The lines interchange at Siam Station and have a combined route distance of 55 km. The system is formally known as the Elevated Train in Commemoration of HM the King's 6th Cycle Birthday (รถไฟฟ้าเฉลิมพระเกียรติ 6 รอบ พระชนมพรรษา).
Besides the BTS, Bangkok's metro system also comprises the underground railway line MRT, and the elevated Suvarnabhumi Airport Link (SARL), serving several stations in the city before reaching the airport.

Contents

 [hide]

[edit]History

Skytrain approaching Sala Daeng Station
Interior of a train.
Bangkok's first attempt at building an elevated rail network was theBangkok Elevated Road and Train System, which was terminated in1998 after only 10% had been completed.
The BTS system (the elevated metro system owned by BMA) was initially referred to as the Lavalin Skytrainbecause it was to be designed using the Vancouver SkyTrain as a model adopting the technology developed bySNC-Lavalin. Due to political interference, the concession with Lavalin was cancelled in 1992, in spite of Bangkok's chronic traffic congestion. The Thai Governmentfocused on increasing road andexpressway infrastructure in an attempt to combat congestion. However, this had less than the desired impact as the number of cars on the road increased dramatically. The lines considered under the skytrain project became later the basis for the Bangkok Metro system and interesting enough are mainly underground.
In the early 1990s, foundations for the Lavalin Skytrain were constructed in the middle of two bridges spanning the Chao Phraya river. The Taksin bridge now supports the Silom line to Thon Buri, completed in April 2009. The supports atPhra Pok Klao bridge remain unused but may be utilised as part of the MRT's future Purple Line.
Shortly after it became clear that the Lavalin Skytrain was stalled, then-governorMajor-General Chamlong Srimuang asked his deputy Krisda Arunvongse na Ayutthaya to create a new feeder system with a route along Sukhumvit andSilom Rd. Krisda, who in the same period was elected governor, and his team from BMA managed to find an investor to build it. Krisda also convinced all to let the city supervise the project. The investor founded Bangkok Transit System Corporation and this company successfully financed the system and grew it from a feeder system to a full mass transit project. Siemens as supplier of the railway technology and the Thai contractor Italian Thai Development built the system for BTSC.
The "Skytrain" name was given later by the press. It stuck and will likely be kept even though the portion of the network through the historic Rattanakosin island will one day be below ground.
Originally, the Skytrain depot was to be built underneath Lumphini Park, but due to widespread objections from Bangkok residents it was constructed on a parcel of land located along Phahonyothin Road, replacing the old Northern/Northeastern bus terminal (Mo Chit). The current depot at Mo Chit is a part of the proposed 'Bangkok Terminal' project, where a large complex comprising a new regional bus terminal, park & ride facility and other commercial development can be built directly above it.
Thanayong Public Company Limited (SETTYONG,[1] Thaiบริษัท ธนายง จำกัด (มหาชน)) had a 28.21% stake in BTSC when the Skytrain began, and therefore in its early days the system was sometimes referred to as the "Thanayong Skytrain".
The Skytrain system was officially opened on December 5, 1999 by HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn. It initially had lower-than-predicted ridership, with 200,000 passenger trips per day. Ticket revenue was only enough to meet the trains' operating cost, and not sufficient to service construction loans. However, the Skytrain's daily passenger numbers have steadily increased since then. On December 9, 2005, more than 500,000 single trips were made on the Skytrain in a single day for the first time. BTSC is currently planning to purchase more trains and is studying the possibility of putting 6-car trains into service. The company implemented a contactless ticketing system in 2007 named 'BTS SmartPass', and plans to allow both BTS and Suvarnabhumi Airport Link passengers to use their RFID smart cards as single ticketing system not before 2014[2]

[edit]Station layout

Bangkok Rapid Transit System
 BTS Sukhumvit Line (extension under construction)
 BTS Silom Line (extension under construction)
 MRT Blue Line (extension under construction)
SRT Airport Link
 MRT Purple Line (under construction)
 SRT Light Red Line (under construction)
 SRT Dark Red Line (planned)
 MRT Pink Line (planned)
 MRT Orange Line (planned)
 MRT Yellow Line (planned)
 MRT Grey Line (planned)
 MRT Light Blue Line (planned)
 BMA Chula-Siam Monorail (planned)
 BMA Grand Square Monorail (planned)
 BMA Ramkhamhaeng-Thonglor Monorail (planned)
 BMA BMA2-Soi Yothin Monorail (planned)
 BMA Bang Na-Suvarnabhumi LRT (planned)
Exterior view of National Stadium Station
The upper platform at Siam interchange station, for north- and west-bound trains
All of the system's stations are elevated and constructed on three levels.[3] The street level provides access to the station proper via stairs and often escalators. Supporting utility equipment (generators, water tanks, etc.) are usually located at this level on traffic islands.
The first elevated level of the stations contains the ticket booths, some small kiosk-like shops and access control gates. The second level (and third at Siam station) is again accessed with stairs and escalators and contains the platforms and rails. With the exception of Siam Station, the stations follow a side platform layout. Siam Station utilizesisland platforms to facilitate cross-platform interchange between the two lines. Additionally, many stations have ramps and elevators to allow passengers who use wheelchairs to access the ticketing hall and platforms from the street. The distances between doors are equal throughout the train, regardless of whether they are in the same or different cars, and the locations where the doors will be after the train has stopped are marked on the platform. The platforms are built to accommodate trains of six cars, but trains of only three or four cars are in operation. For security and safety, security personnel are stationed at every platform and all ticketing halls.
Three Skytrain stations, Sala Daeng, Asok and Mo Chit, are interchanges with the underground MRT system. Saphan Taksin station is connected to the adjacent Sathon pier where the Chao Phraya Express Boat services call. Many stations are linked by 'Skybridges' (overhead pedestrian walkways) to neighbouring buildings and public amenities.
Consumption of food or drinks is forbidden past the ticketing gate or on the Skytrain.

[edit]Ticketing

For single-trip and stored-value ticket holders fares are calculated according to distance, but adult / student / tourist passes for limited / unlimited train rides are also available. Next to the magnetic fare cards, which require replacement once every two years, the Skytrain has adopted near-field contactless technology in its ticketing system, with the intent of becoming compatible with the system presently used in the MRT.[citation needed]

[edit]Stations

In the table below, an italicized name indicates that the station is under construction and not yet in operation.
CodeStation NameNotescoordinates
Mo Chit-Saphan Mai Extension (construction to start 4Q 2011[4])
N20Saphan MaiFor Ying Charoen Market area13°53′47.64″N100°36′32.54″E
N19Sai Yut13°53′19.67″N100°36′16.12″E
N18Lak SiBSicon exTRAM.svg MRT Pink Line Lak Si Station (planned)13°52′58.03″N100°36′3.11″E
N17Wat Prasi Mahathat Worawihan13°52′27.55″N100°35′45.22″E
N1611th Infantry Regiment13°52′6.63″N100°35′33.02″E
N15Bang BuaFor Sripatum University13°51′24.40″N100°35′8.18″E
N14Krom Pai MaiFor Royal Forest Department13°51′2.88″N100°34′55.55″E
N13KasetsartFor Kasetsart University13°50′33.55″N100°34′38.21″E
N12Sena NikhomFor Mayo Hospital13°50′11.05″N100°34′25.08″E
N11RatchayothinFor Major Cineplex Ratchayothin, Ratchayothin intersection area13°49′45.94″N100°34′10.19″E
N10Satri Woranat13°49′22.59″N100°33′56.65″E
N9Lat PhraoBangkok Metro logo.svg Bangkok Metro Blue Line: Phahon Yothin
For Central Plaza LardpraoUnion Mall
13°48′55.31″N100°33′40.60″E
Sukhumvit Line
N8Mo ChitBangkok Metro logo.svg Bangkok Metro Blue Line: Chatuchak Park
Terminal station
For Chatuchak Park
13°48′9.30″N100°33′13.80″E
N7Saphan KhwaiFor Saphan Khwai area13°47′37.68″N100°32′59.03″E
N6Sena Ruam (Planned)
N5AriFor Soi Ari area13°46′46.93″N100°32′40.71″E
N4Sanam PaoFor Channel 5 (Thailand)13°46′21.44″N100°32′31.53″E
N3Victory MonumentBSicon BUS.svg BMTA bus lines
BSicon exTRAM.svg Bangkok Metro Orange Line (proposed)
For Victory Monument , Transport Center in Bangkok
13°45′45.88″N100°32′13.51″E
N2Phaya ThaiBSicon exTRAM.svg Suvarnabhumi Airport LinkPhaya Thai
For Phaya Thai area
13°45′24.99″N100°32′1.84″E
N1RatchathewiBSicon BOOT.svg Khlong Saen Saep Express Boat (Saphan Hua Chang Pier)
For Ratchathewi Intersection area
13°45′6.75″N100°31′53.67″E
CENSiamBSicon INT legende.svg Interchange to Silom Line
Circle-information.svg Tourist information office
For Chulalongkorn University , Siam ParagonSiam Center,Siam Discovery
13°44′44.23″N100°32′3.22″E
E1Chit LomFor Chit Lom area13°44′38.79″N100°32′35.15″E
E2Phloen ChitFor Phloen Chit area13°44′35.09″N100°32′56.47″E
E3NanaCircle-information.svg Tourist information office
For Nana area
13°44′26.17″N100°33′19.43″E
E4AsokBangkok Metro logo.svg Bangkok Metro Blue Line: Sukhumvit
For Srinakharinwirot University , Asok area
13°44′13.32″N100°33′37.51″E
E5Phrom PhongFor Phrom Phong area, The Emporium13°43′49.58″N100°34′11.03″E
E6Thong LoFor Thong Lo area13°43′27.28″N100°34′42.81″E
E7EkkamaiBSicon BUS.svg Eastern Bus TerminalBangkok Planetarium13°43′10.41″N100°35′6.63″E
E8Phra KhanongFor Phra Khanong area , Transport Zone To East Bangkok13°42′54.70″N100°35′28.62″E
E9On NutTerminal station , For On Nut area13°42′20.20″N100°36′3.90″E
E10Bang Chak (12 August 2011)13°41′45.65″N100°36′20.52″E
E11Punnawithi (12 August 2011)13°41′20.11″N100°36′33.16″E
E12Udom Suk (12 August 2011)13°40′49.14″N100°36′34.77″E
E13Bang Na (12 August 2011)13°40′5.07″N100°36′16.77″E
E14Bearing (12 August 2011)End Line Of Bangkok area13°39′33.61″N100°36′3.78″E
Silom Line
W1National StadiumBSicon BOOT.svg Khlong Saen Saep Express Boat (Saphan Hua Chang Pier)
Terminal station
13°44′47.45″N100°31′44.79″E
CENSiamBSicon INT legende.svg Interchange to Sukhumvit Line
For Chulalongkorn University , Siam area
13°44′44.39″N100°32′3.19″E
S1Ratchadamri13°44′21.09″N100°32′21.87″E
S2Sala DaengBangkok Metro logo.svg Bangkok Metro Blue Line: Si Lom
For Lumphini Park and Silom area
13°43′42.63″N100°32′2.88″E
S3Chong NonsiBSicon BUS.svg BRT Sathorn Station13°43′25.63″N100°31′46.00″E
S4Sueksa Witthaya (Planned)
S5Surasak13°43′9.26″N100°31′17.32″E
S6Saphan TaksinBSicon BOOT.svg Chao Phraya Express Boat (Sathon Central Pier)
Circle-information.svg Tourist information office
13°43′7.59″N100°30′50.78″E
S7Krung Thonburi13°43′15.34″N100°30′9.70″E
S8Wongwian YaiBSicon exTRAM.svg Bangkok Metro Purple Line (Planned)
Current terminal station
For King Taksin Monument (Wongwian Yai)
13°43′15.95″N100°29′42.88″E
S9Phothinimit (December 2012)
S10Ratchada-Thaphra(December 2012)
S11Wutthakat (December 2012)
S12Bang Wa (December 2012)Bangkok Metro logo.svg Bangkok Metro Blue Line: Bang Wa (Proposed)

[edit]Route extension

Political problems coupled with favoritism and nepotism stalled several expansion projects over the years. The government of former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra was accused of stalling the Skytrain extensions in order to punish the BMA, which was controlled by the opposition Democrat Party, in an attempt to prevent the Democrats from gaining popularity among Bangkok residents.[citation needed]
In 2002 the cabinet amended a law in order to allow a private firm to finance the cost of operating the train system, while the government would take care of all the civil engineering work. On October 18, 2005, with no approval from the central government forthcoming, the BMA decided to complete the 2.2 km Silom Line route extension (S7 Charoen Nakhon & S8 Wongwian Yai) using its own budget. Construction began on December 13, 2005 with completion originally expected within a year, but problems with tendering for the signalling system repeatedly pushed back the schedule, with the extension finally opening on 15 May 2009. However, Saphan Taksin (originally designed to be only a temporary station), and the river crossing itself, has only one track, which has caused repeated delays during rush hour.[5]
A second extension from On Nut east towards Bearing started construction in 2007, with completion expected open on 12 August 2011[6] From the ground, though the stairs are not open to the public, the stations appear to be complete with even the lights turned on as of late December 2010.
Further extensions have been proposed from Mo Chit north to Saphan Mai, from Bearing to east Samut Prakan, from Wongwian Yai west to Bang Wa and from National Stadium west to Phran Nok. The viaduct from Wongwian Yai to Bang Wa is already built, while the other two haven't started with construction yet. The Bangkok government plans to allocate 55.6 billion baht to complete the first two by 2012.[7]
The extension plan for the BTS can be summarized as follows:

[edit]Phase I

  • On Nut – Bearing (terminating at Sukhumvit 107, the border pole of BMA) – 5.2 km. Under construction, to open on 12 August 2011.[8]
  • Saphan Taksin – Wong Wian Yai (terminating at Th. Somdet Chao Phraya) – 2.2 km. Completed, opened on 15 May 2009.[9]
  • Mo Chit – Saphan Mai – 11.4 km. Planned.

[edit]Phase II

  • Bearing – Samut Prakan – 10.6 km. Planned.
  • Wong Wian Yai – Bang Wa (terminating at Th. Phetchakasem) – 5.25 km. Under Construction, to open on December 2012.
  • National Stadium – Yok Se (terminating at Th. Banrengmurng) – 6.8 km. Planned.
  • Samut Prakan (Bang Penk) – Bang Pua. Planned.
  • Udomsuk - Suvarnabhumi Airport (terminating at future South Passenger Terminal of Suvarnabhumi Airport). Planned.

[edit]Connectivity to other rail transit systems

[hide]Bangkok rail transit system map (showing State Railway, BTS, MRT and SARL lines)
(Arrow Blue Up 001.svg State Railway Northern & Northeastern Lines )  
Abbreviated in this map
 
(Arrow Blue Left 001.svg State Railway Southern Line )  
Transverse abbreviated in this mapJunction from right
 
Bang Sue Junction 
Station on track + Hub
Unknown route-map component "utKBHFl" + Hub
Unknown route-map component "utHSTq"Urban tunnel turning from right
 Kamphaeng Phet
Pradiphat 
Stop on track
Unknown route-map component "uINTa" + Hub
+ Hub
Unknown route-map component "utINT" + Hub
 Mo Chit/Chatuchak Park
Samsen 
Station on trackUrban stop on trackUrban tunnel stop on track
 Saphan Khwai / Phahon Yothin
Chitralada Palace (not in service) 
Unknown route-map component "eHST"Unknown route-map component "ueHST"Urban tunnel stop on track
 Sena Ruam (planned) / Lat Phrao
Yommarat 
Stop on trackUrban stop on trackUrban tunnel stop on track
 Ari / Ratchadaphisek
 
Unknown route-map component "ÜWc2"Unknown route-map component "ÜWor"Urban stop on trackUrban tunnel stop on track
 Sanam Pao / Sutthisan
 
Unknown route-map component "ÜWo+l"Unknown route-map component "ÜWc4"Urban stop on trackUrban tunnel stop on track
 Victory Monument / Huai Khwang
(Arrow Blue Right 001.svg State Railway Eastern Line )  
Junction from leftTransverse abbreviated in this map
Urban station on track + Hub
Unknown route-map component "uexKBHFa" + Hub
Urban tunnel station on track
 Phaya Thai / Thailand Cultural Centre
Bangkok (Hua Lamphong) / National Stadium 
Interchange end + Hub
Urban head stationUrban stop on trackUnknown route-map component "uexHST"Urban tunnel straight track
 Ratchathewi / Ratchaprarop
Hua Lamphong / Siam 
Unknown route-map component "utINTa" + Hub
Right side of urban cross-platform interchange + Hub
Left side of urban cross-platform interchange + Hub
Unknown route-map component "uexBHF" + Hub
Urban tunnel station on track + Hub
 Makkasan/Phetchaburi
Sam Yan / Ratchadamri 
Urban tunnel stop on trackUrban stop on trackUnknown route-map component "uÜWol"
Unused waterway turning left + Unknown route-map component "uÜWclu"
Unknown route-map component "utKRZ"Unused waterway turning from right
 
 
Unknown route-map component "utSTRlf"Unknown route-map component "uKRZo"
Urban tunnel turning from right + Unknown route-map component "uÜWcro"
Unknown route-map component "uÜWo+r"Urban tunnel straight trackUnknown route-map component "uexHST"
 Ramkhamhaeng
Sala Daeng/Si Lom 
Unknown route-map component "uINT" + Hub
Unknown route-map component "utINT" + Hub
Urban stop on trackUrban tunnel stop on trackUnknown route-map component "uexHST"
 Chit Lom / Phra Ram 9 / Hua Mark
Chong Nonsi / Lumphini 
Urban stop on trackUrban tunnel stop on trackUrban stop on trackUrban tunnel straight trackUnknown route-map component "uexHST"
 Phloen Chit / Ban Thapchang
Sueksa Witthaya (planned) / Khlong Toei 
Unknown route-map component "ueHST"Urban tunnel stop on trackUrban stop on trackUrban tunnel straight trackUnknown route-map component "uexHST"
 Nana / Lad Krabang
Surasak / QSNCC 
Urban stop on trackUrban tunnel stop on track
Unknown route-map component "uINT" + Hub
Unknown route-map component "utINT" + Hub
Unknown route-map component "uexKBHFe"Airport
 Asok/Sukhumvit / Suvarnabhumi Airport
Sathon Pier Saphan Taksin 
PierUrban station on trackUnknown route-map component "utSTRlf"Unknown route-map component "uKRZo"Unknown route-map component "utSTRrf"
 
Taksin Bridge  
Urban bridge over waterUrban stop on track
 Phrom Phong
Krung Thonburi 
Urban stop on trackUrban stop on track
 Thong Lo
Wongwian Yai 
Urban End stationUrban stop on track
 Ekkamai
 
Urban stop on track
 Phra Khanong
 
Urban End station
 On Nut

[edit]Rolling stock

The BTS Skytrain uses two variations of Electric Multiple Unit rolling stock. All operate on 1435 mm rail gauge (standard gauge). All trains have 4 doors on each side per car, an air-conditioning unit, and LCD monitors for public announcement and advertising. The power supply for all trains is at 750 V DC from the third rail.

[edit]Siemens Train

The rolling stock of BTS Skytrain, in use since the opening of the line in 1999, consist of 35 Siemens Modular Metro trains fromSiemens AG. All trains have 3 cars, 2 motor cars and 1 trailer on center. The Sukhumvit line employs 20 trains, and the Silom Line has 15. To increase capacity, in October 2010, Siemens agreed to provide an extra car for each train, making them up to four cars.[10]
The Silom Line cars have been modified to support a signaling system from Bombardier Transportation since the extension fromSaphan Taksin to Wong Wian Yai.

[edit]Bombardier - Changchun trains

The BTSC ordered 12 new trains (12 sets of 4 cars) from Changchun Railway Vehicles Co. Ltd. based on the Bombardier MOVIA, though their design will be modified to the existing BTS's Siemens Modular Metro. The new trains were planned to be delivered in June 2010 [2] to serve on the Silom Line, which cannot increase train frequency because of a single track bottleneck at Saphan Taksin bridge, though the number of passengers increased after the Wong Wian Yai and Krung Thonburi stations were opened. These trains consist of 2 motor cars and 2 trailer cars and will feature LCD TVs for public announcements and advertising. An advanced digital voice announcement (DVA) and passenger information systems will be installed.

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